All perfect praise be to Allaah, The Lord of the Worlds. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah, and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger.
According to the preponderant opinion of the scholars, covering the face and hands is an obligation for a woman, and we have already clarified this in Fataawa 92091 and 99167.
In addition to this, the majority of the scholars who are of the view that it is permissible for her to uncover her face and hands, hold that it is an obligation to cover them when temptation is feared from her or for her, i.e. when there is fear that her uncovered face and hands would cause temptation or that she would become tempted because of that. Therefore, the Fatwa that is adopted now – as we are in a world where corruption is widespread – is that it is an obligation for a woman to cover her face and hands according to the preponderant view of the Four Schools of jurisprudence; this is in general.
In addition to this, if a wife is ordered by her husband to wear the Niqaab, then it is confirmed that she has to wear it, as the wife has no other choice when her husband orders her to cover her face. The scholars stated that in issues of difference of opinion, one is obliged to obey whomever he/she is obliged to obey, either a parent or a husband, if he orders him/her to act according to one of the two opinions as long as his order does not lead to committing what is predominantly thought to be forbidden.
If she refuses to wear the Niqaab, then she is Naashiz (a recalcitrant wife). Therefore, the Islamic steps in treating a recalcitrant wife should be followed and we have already clarified them in Fatwa 85402.
Allaah Knows best.