All perfect praise be to Allaah, The Lord of the Worlds. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah, and that Muhammad, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam, is His Slave and Messenger.
This is called insight which is the ability to know some of the inner conditions through some external signs. The Prophet, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam, said, was reported to have said: "Beware of the insight of the believer, for he sees by the Light of Allaah."
The purer and more sublime the soul, the more insightful it will be. Allaah The Almighty Says (what means): {Indeed in that are signs for those who discern.} [Quran 15:75] i.e. those of insight, who recognize things by signs. Allaah The Almighty Says (what means):
• {And if We willed, We could show them to you, and you would know them by their mark.} [Quran 47:30]
• {But you will know them by their [characteristic] sign.} [Quran 2:273]
Ibn Al-Qayyim said, "Faith-inspired insight is caused by the light that Allaah The Almighty casts in the heart of His slave, whereby he distinguishes between truth and falsehood, what exists and what is nonexistent, and those who are truthful and those who are liars. This insight depends on the person's strength of faith - Abu Bakr was the sharpest of this Ummah (Muslim nation) in insight."
Respected brother, the failure of your insight may be due to hardness of the heart, or misunderstanding these concepts, or weakness of faith. The remedy lies in reading the Quran frequently. Allaah The Almighty Says (what means): {Those who have believed and whose hearts are assured by the remembrance of Allaah. Unquestionably, by the remembrance of Allaah hearts are assured."} [Quran 13:28]